This 1890 volume, edited by Charles John Tibbitts, gathers twenty-six tales from Russian chap-books and the work of collectors such as Afanasief, Erben, Wojcicki, and Glinski. Tibbitts notes in his introductory remarks that many tales are of foreign origin but have been adapted to incorporate national customs and lore. The excerpts show a mix of domestic realism and supernatural intervention: a poor man loses a horse’s tail, a peasant confronts the South-wind, and a man wrestles the Plague itself.

The catalog subjects—Legends of Russia and Poland—are broadly accurate, but the tales often feel more like moral fables or comic anecdotes than heroic legends. The collection’s strength lies in its everyday settings and blunt, sometimes brutal, resolutions.

Domestic Strife as a Narrative Engine

Several tales begin with a quarrel between a poor man and his wife or brother. In “The Poor Man and the Judge,” a rich brother refuses to lend a collar, leading the poor man to tie his sledge to the horse’s tail—a decision that ends with the tail torn out. In “The Peasant and the Wind,” a wife beats her husband for losing flour to the wind and sends him to demand compensation. These openings establish conflict through material scarcity and stubbornness, not supernatural causes. The wife is described as “as wily as a serpent” and “bad tempered,” while the husband is “as dull as a sheep.” The tales use blunt character contrasts to drive the plot forward, often with comic or ironic outcomes.

Personified Forces and Moral Ambiguity

The wind and the plague are treated as sentient beings. In “The Peasant and the Wind,” the South-wind is one of four sons of an old woman who lives in a forest hut. The peasant must climb onto a stove to avoid being frozen by the North-wind. In “The Plague,” the disease is a female figure that the protagonist grapples with physically: “he laid hold of the Plague so that she should not escape him.” He drowns himself to destroy her, but she escapes “as light as a feather.” These personifications blur the line between natural disaster and supernatural entity, and the endings are not always just: the plague survives, and the man dies. The tales do not guarantee that virtue is rewarded.

Structure and Source: Chap-Book Origins

Tibbitts explicitly states that the tales come from Russian chap-book literature and from collectors. The excerpts show a simple, repetitive structure: a problem arises, a journey is undertaken, a helper appears (often an old woman or magical object), and a resolution follows—sometimes happy, sometimes not. The language is plain, with little description beyond action and dialogue. For example, in “The Peasant and the Wind,” the old woman says, “I am the mother of the winds, and I have four sons.” This directness suits oral storytelling. The collection’s value lies in preserving these vernacular narratives, even if the editing is minimal. Readers interested in folk motifs will find familiar patterns: the foolish hero, the talking animal, the test of character.

Readers should approach this collection as a sampler of nineteenth-century folk-tale transcription rather than a polished literary work. The tales are short, often abrupt, and occasionally contradictory in moral tone. Pay attention to the domestic details—how people borrow horses, grind corn, or argue over flour—as these ground the fantastic elements in everyday life. The volume rewards those who enjoy comparing variants of familiar story types across cultures.